Assessing emission and power tradeoffs of biodiesel and n-Butanol in diesel blends for fuel sustainability

The use of renewable biodiesel and additives diversifies transportation fuel supply. Combustion tests on neat ultra-low sulfur No.2 diesel (D100) its blends with the n-butanol additive were conducted to investigate environmental impacts tradeoffs in engine emission power output. testing results show measurable changes output emission, particularly particulate matter (DPM) size distribution black carbon compositions. binary diesel-biodiesel blend D80B20 (80% D100 20%B100 by volume) offers reduced PM but higher NOx exhaust. Comparatively tertiary diesel-biodiesel-butanol B15Bu5 D100, 15% B100, 5% Bu100 shows superior tradeoff than D80B20. Both suffer a 3.0–5.6% increase brake-specific consumption. At combustion temperature, butanol-oxygenated produces DPMs smaller size, number concentrations, greater OC fractions, more amorphous particles. peak DPM aerodynamic dpmax for is 0.20–0.32 μm, >0.40 μm 0.30 cut-off regular filters. For an internal capable accommodating water fraction mixture, viable alternative according comparative results. butanol petroleum can decrease while undesired formation be managed through optimizing composition diesel, biodiesel, additives.